This is an advanced course in instrumentation and controls for Commercial HVAC. The student is introduced to pneumatic control systems and components commonly used in buildings to operate heating and air conditioning equipment. An introduction to electronic and microprocessor-based controllers currently in use in commercial buildings, often known as DDC (Direct Digital Controllers), is provided. The student is expected to have previous education (or training) in heating and air conditioning design, be familiar with basic conceptual knowledge of air conditioning processes and electricity for HVAC/R.